Improvement in smoke-consuming apparatus for fire-boxes



- JOHN DURAND Smaak@ consum-ing appar :ai/11's for e. Five-B axesPatented Oct. 10, 1871.

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PATENT GEEICE.

JOHN DURAND, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS FOR FIRE-BOXES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 119,832, dated October10, 1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN DURAND, of Columbus, Franklin county, Ohio,have invented a new and useful Smoke-Consuming Apparatus for LocomotiveFire-Boxes, of which the following is a speciication:

This is an improvement in the class of 'smokeconsumers forlocomotive-engines which admits heated air to the interior oftheiire-box through suitable ducts, chambers, or apertures in a bridge,detiector, or arch made of nre-brick, tiles, or other suitable material.y invention relates to that class of perforated detlectors which areplaced in the re-boxes of locomotives for the purpose of dischargingheated air therein so as to induce the most perfect combustion of thegases; and the iirst part ot' my improvements consists in making suchdeiiectors of a tile which is provided with longitudinal channels orducts, through which the circulates. This tile is to be furnished withas many longitudinal channels as experience may suggest, and the forwardor receiving ends of said channels communicate with tubes that passthrough the water-leg ofthe firebox, whereby a-ir is allowed to enterthe derlector and become highly heated by traversing said longitudinalducts. The air, after heilig thus heated, is discharged from the rearend of the channels directly into the tire-box in such a manner as topromote combustion of the gases, as

hereinafter more fully described. The secondV part of my improvementsconsists in making such a deiiecting-tile in sections that are arrangedeither longitudinally or transversely of the lirebox, by hicharrangement a broken or burntout section can be removed and a new onesubstituted for it without taking out the entire deiiector, it beingunderstood that said sections are provided with ducts or channels thatare arranged in the longitudinal manner previously alluded to. The thirdpart of my improvements consists in supporting the deiiector upon tubeswhich communicate with the water-spaces of the boiler; andV said tubesmay be located either transversely oi' the re-box, or may follow theinclination ofthe tile or tiles and be attached by their upper ends tothe crown-plate. v

Figures l, 2, and 3 are longitudinal sections, and Figs. 4, 5, and 6 aretransversesections of a locomotive fire-box, showing six differentmodifications of my device. Figs. 7, 8, 9, and l0 are transversesections, showing as many modiiica` tionsof my deiiecting-tiles orplate.

A represents the iire-box, B the steam-dome, O the barrel, and D thewater-leg of an ordinary locomotive-boiler. I will first describe thepreferred type or form or" my invention. F represents a tile or seriesof tiles, of which either Fig. 7, S, or 9 may be taken as the transversesection. This tile or series) is supported at front sheet and sides bysuitable iianges or shoulders, a, that project from the interior platesof the firebox, from whose front portion the said plate extends backwardand upward at an angle of about thirty-tive degrees-about two-thirds ofthe distance from front to back of the iire-box.l This plate istraversed from front to back by numerous passages, channels, or ducts,f, for draught-air, which, at their front or receiving ends, communicatewith metallic tubes d in the leg D, through which tubes air is enabledto enter the said ducts, and thence to pass into the hottest portionofthe smoke-space in streams of hi ghly-heated and rareiied air andfurnish oxygen to combine with the carbon or smoke, and producecombustion of combustible matter not already burned. The tile mayconsist of a single piece, as in Fig. 7, or of two pieces, namely, anupper and a lower one, oneor both channeled out on the opposing'surfaces, so as, when placed in position, to compose the series oi'ducts'required, as in Fig. 8 5 or the ducts may be formed by a series oftiles longitudinally separated and supported upon one or morewater-pipes, E, that extend from side to side ofthe water-leg, withwhich they communicate; and these tiles may` be square externally, as atFig. 9, or cylindrical, as at Fig. 10, or of octagonal or otherexteriorv form. Or the tile may be supported by a series of bent tubes,G, that extend from the water-leg to the crown-sheet ofthe nre-box andcommunicate with the waterspace at each end. Still another modiiicationmight consist in a protuberance, H, from the water-leg, traversed bytubes Ih, conducting air from the outer atmosphere into the furnace inthe same manner and with approximately the same results as the tubes dand ducts fwould; or the combined air-inlet and deiiector may consist oftwo tiles, as in Fig. 4, Whose back and side edges rest in projectionsfrom the walls of the waterleg, and whose contiguous edges interlock bytongue and groove, in the manner shown. Or

the deflector may consist of a number of pieces formed like thevoussoirs of an arch, as in Fig. 5. Still another form may consist of acon geries of tiles, which extend from side to side of the fire-chamber,and are'so perforated as to present, when in juxtaposition, a series ofair-inlets, a-s in Fig. 6 5 or two perforated tiles may start from thesides of the fire-box, and may discharge their heated air-jets oppositeto each other at or near the middle of the box. rEhe perforated tile mayextend across so much of the re-box as experience may dictate, and maybe horizontal or be inclined at any suitable angle, and may have eithera dat or a concave lower surface.

When the locomotive is under steam the necessary volume of air isintroduced into the rebox through the tubes in the water-leg and thechannels or apertures in the arch, bridge, or deiiector, causing oxygento commin gle in the proper proportion with the carbon or smoke and atsuch a degree of heat as to prevent the reduction of temperature of thecarbon belowT the point of effective combustion, and the carbon, beingthus entirely consumed, escapes in gaseous form instead of smoke.

I am aware that perforated tile-deilectors have been employed inlocomotive fire-boxes for some time 5 but those in use have theirapertures made transversely through them; and in order to discharge asuicient quantity of air to be of any utility it is necessary to providea great number of such apertures, which arrangement weakens the tile tosuch an extent as to render it incapable of resisting the vibrations andjars to which it is continually subjected, and the result is tha-t suchtiles are very soon destroyed. This serious objection is completelyovercome by the provision of longitudinal channels, which do not weakenthe tile in the least, and which afford a better opportunity forimparting a higher degree of heat to the air, and are not liable tochoke up with dust and cinders, as the small transverse apertures are.

I claim herein as new and of my inventionl. The provision, in thefire-box of a locomotive, of a deiiector composed of a tile havinglongitudinal channels or ducts that are adapted to receive atmosphericalair through the tube (l or its equivalent, and to discharge said air,when heated, into the upper portionof the fire-box, substantially asherein shown and described.

2. Such longitudinally channeled deector, when made of two or moretile-sections, for the purpose herein explained.

3. The said deflector in a locomotive fire-box, supported upon tubeswhich communicate with the water-spaces of the boiler, for the objectstated.

In testimony of which invention I hereunto set my hand.

JOHN DURAND. Witnesses:

Gino. H. KNIGHT,

